The water cycle & freshwater

1. What happens to river discharge shortly after heavy rainfall in its drainage basin: river flow increases, or river flow stops?

2. What role do trees play in a watershed during heavy rain: their canopy intercepts rain and roots help water infiltrate soil, or they block all evaporation?

3. What stage of the water cycle occurs when liquid water at the ocean surface warms and turns into water vapour: evaporation or precipitation?

4. How does paving over grassy soil with impermeable concrete affect rainwater during a storm: it increases surface runoff, or it increases infiltration?

5. Is water in an open shallow pan on a sunny, breezy afternoon likely to evaporate faster or slower than water in a narrow bottle in the shade?

6. What stage of the water cycle occurs when cloud droplets grow heavy enough to fall as rain, snow, sleet or hail: precipitation or evaporation?

7. What do we call an underground layer of permeable rock, sand or gravel that holds groundwater: an aquifer or a canopy?

8. What energy source drives the global water cycle by warming ocean and land surfaces: the Sun or the Moon?

9. What do we call the upper level of underground rock or soil that is completely saturated with groundwater: the water table or the treeline?

10. Does the water cycle create brand-new water or continuously recycle the same water molecules through different states?

11. What happens when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain range: it cools, condenses and drops rain on the windward side, or it warms and dries?

12. When ocean water evaporates into the air, does the dissolved salt evaporate with the water vapour or stay behind in the sea?