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Settlements, cities & migration

Examine settlement hierarchy, push and pull migration factors, greenbelts, brownfield sites and sustainable cities. Review suitability for your learners before teaching.

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Worksheet StudioPractice pack · Ages 10-12

Settlements, cities & migration

Take your time. Show your thinking.

1. In migration studies, negative conditions that drive people to leave their home area (such as drought, unemployment or conflict) are called: push factors or pull factors?
In migration studies, nega… · Settlements, cities & migr…
2. What do we call a person who has been forced to flee their home country across an international border to escape war, violence or persecution: a refugee or a tourist?
What do we call a person w… · Settlements, cities & migr…
3. What do geographers call a very large urban agglomeration with a total population of more than 10 million people (such as Tokyo, Delhi or São Paulo): a megacity or a hamlet?
10 m · Settlements, cities & migr…
4. What term describes the increasing percentage of a country’s population living in towns and cities rather than rural areas: urbanisation or reforestation?
What term describes the in… · Settlements, cities & migr…
5. What is the difference between internal migration and international migration: internal migration takes place within the borders of the same country, whereas international migration crosses a national border, or they are identical?
What is the difference bet… · Settlements, cities & migr…
6. When several neighbouring cities and large towns expand and merge into one continuous built-up urban region, what is this merged urban area called: a conurbation or an archipelago?
When several neighbouring … · Settlements, cities & migr…
7. Why are urban temperatures often 2 °C to 5 °C warmer than the surrounding countryside, especially at night (the urban heat island effect): dark concrete and tarmac absorb heat and buildings trap warmth while releasing waste heat, or cities are closer to the Sun?
2 °C · 5 °C · Settlements, cities & migr…
8. Which urban transport strategy reduces traffic congestion and air pollution most effectively: investing in frequent electric buses, metro rail and safe cycle lanes, or removing all pavements?
Which urban transport stra… · Settlements, cities & migr…
9. In human geography, what is the correct settlement hierarchy in order of increasing population size and services: Hamlet → Village → Town → City, or City → Town → Hamlet → Village?
In human geography, what i… · Settlements, cities & migr…
10. What do we call the unplanned outward spread of low-density suburbs and roads into surrounding countryside at the edge of a city: urban sprawl or counter-urbanisation?
What do we call the unplan… · Settlements, cities & migr…
11. Money that migrant workers send back home to support their families in their country or island of origin is called: remittances or tariffs?
Money that migrant workers… · Settlements, cities & migr…
12. When people and businesses move out of large crowded cities into smaller towns and rural villages (enabled by fast transport and remote working), this movement is called: counter-urbanisation or rural-to-urban migration?
When people and businesses… · Settlements, cities & migr…

12 questions · Seed 44 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

View the answer key

Worksheet StudioAnswer key · Ages 10-12

Settlements, cities & migration

Answers and reasoning. Review before teaching.

1. In migration studies, negative conditions that drive people to leave their home area (such as drought, unemployment or conflict) are called: push factors or pull factors?
Push factors
Push factors encourage or force people to emigrate from an area.
2. What do we call a person who has been forced to flee their home country across an international border to escape war, violence or persecution: a refugee or a tourist?
Refugee
Under international law, refugees cross borders seeking safety from persecution or armed conflict.
3. What do geographers call a very large urban agglomeration with a total population of more than 10 million people (such as Tokyo, Delhi or São Paulo): a megacity or a hamlet?
Megacity
The United Nations defines a megacity as an urban area with 10 million or more inhabitants.
4. What term describes the increasing percentage of a country’s population living in towns and cities rather than rural areas: urbanisation or reforestation?
Urbanisation
Urbanisation is the demographic shift from rural to urban living.
5. What is the difference between internal migration and international migration: internal migration takes place within the borders of the same country, whereas international migration crosses a national border, or they are identical?
Internal migration takes place within the borders of the same country, whereas international migration crosses a national border
Moving from a rural island or village to the national capital is internal migration; moving to another country is international migration.
6. When several neighbouring cities and large towns expand and merge into one continuous built-up urban region, what is this merged urban area called: a conurbation or an archipelago?
Conurbation
A conurbation forms when formerly separate towns grow outward and coalesce.
7. Why are urban temperatures often 2 °C to 5 °C warmer than the surrounding countryside, especially at night (the urban heat island effect): dark concrete and tarmac absorb heat and buildings trap warmth while releasing waste heat, or cities are closer to the Sun?
Dark concrete and tarmac absorb heat and buildings trap warmth while releasing waste heat
Impervious dark surfaces, reduced vegetation and energy use create an urban heat island.
8. Which urban transport strategy reduces traffic congestion and air pollution most effectively: investing in frequent electric buses, metro rail and safe cycle lanes, or removing all pavements?
Investing in frequent electric buses, metro rail and safe cycle lanes
High-capacity public transit and active-travel infrastructure move far more people per metre of road space with lower emissions.
9. In human geography, what is the correct settlement hierarchy in order of increasing population size and services: Hamlet → Village → Town → City, or City → Town → Hamlet → Village?
Hamlet → Village → Town → City
A hamlet has only a few dwellings; a village adds basic services; a town and city offer progressively larger populations and specialist services.
10. What do we call the unplanned outward spread of low-density suburbs and roads into surrounding countryside at the edge of a city: urban sprawl or counter-urbanisation?
Urban sprawl
Urban sprawl consumes agricultural land and increases car dependency.
11. Money that migrant workers send back home to support their families in their country or island of origin is called: remittances or tariffs?
Remittances
Remittances are a major source of household income and foreign exchange for many developing regions.
12. When people and businesses move out of large crowded cities into smaller towns and rural villages (enabled by fast transport and remote working), this movement is called: counter-urbanisation or rural-to-urban migration?
Counter-urbanisation
Counter-urbanisation is the demographic movement from major cities to smaller rural settlements.

12 questions · Seed 44 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

Worksheet StudioPractice pack · Ages 10-12

Settlements, cities & migration

Take your time. Show your thinking.

1. In migration studies, negative conditions that drive people to leave their home area (such as drought, unemployment or conflict) are called: push factors or pull factors?
In migration studies, nega… · Settlements, cities & migr…
2. What do we call a person who has been forced to flee their home country across an international border to escape war, violence or persecution: a refugee or a tourist?
What do we call a person w… · Settlements, cities & migr…
3. What do geographers call a very large urban agglomeration with a total population of more than 10 million people (such as Tokyo, Delhi or São Paulo): a megacity or a hamlet?
10 m · Settlements, cities & migr…
4. What term describes the increasing percentage of a country’s population living in towns and cities rather than rural areas: urbanisation or reforestation?
What term describes the in… · Settlements, cities & migr…
5. What is the difference between internal migration and international migration: internal migration takes place within the borders of the same country, whereas international migration crosses a national border, or they are identical?
What is the difference bet… · Settlements, cities & migr…
6. When several neighbouring cities and large towns expand and merge into one continuous built-up urban region, what is this merged urban area called: a conurbation or an archipelago?
When several neighbouring … · Settlements, cities & migr…
7. Why are urban temperatures often 2 °C to 5 °C warmer than the surrounding countryside, especially at night (the urban heat island effect): dark concrete and tarmac absorb heat and buildings trap warmth while releasing waste heat, or cities are closer to the Sun?
2 °C · 5 °C · Settlements, cities & migr…
8. Which urban transport strategy reduces traffic congestion and air pollution most effectively: investing in frequent electric buses, metro rail and safe cycle lanes, or removing all pavements?
Which urban transport stra… · Settlements, cities & migr…
9. In human geography, what is the correct settlement hierarchy in order of increasing population size and services: Hamlet → Village → Town → City, or City → Town → Hamlet → Village?
In human geography, what i… · Settlements, cities & migr…
10. What do we call the unplanned outward spread of low-density suburbs and roads into surrounding countryside at the edge of a city: urban sprawl or counter-urbanisation?
What do we call the unplan… · Settlements, cities & migr…
11. Money that migrant workers send back home to support their families in their country or island of origin is called: remittances or tariffs?
Money that migrant workers… · Settlements, cities & migr…
12. When people and businesses move out of large crowded cities into smaller towns and rural villages (enabled by fast transport and remote working), this movement is called: counter-urbanisation or rural-to-urban migration?
When people and businesses… · Settlements, cities & migr…

12 questions · Seed 44 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

Worksheet StudioAnswer key · Ages 10-12

Settlements, cities & migration

Answers and reasoning. Review before teaching.

1. In migration studies, negative conditions that drive people to leave their home area (such as drought, unemployment or conflict) are called: push factors or pull factors?
Push factors
Push factors encourage or force people to emigrate from an area.
2. What do we call a person who has been forced to flee their home country across an international border to escape war, violence or persecution: a refugee or a tourist?
Refugee
Under international law, refugees cross borders seeking safety from persecution or armed conflict.
3. What do geographers call a very large urban agglomeration with a total population of more than 10 million people (such as Tokyo, Delhi or São Paulo): a megacity or a hamlet?
Megacity
The United Nations defines a megacity as an urban area with 10 million or more inhabitants.
4. What term describes the increasing percentage of a country’s population living in towns and cities rather than rural areas: urbanisation or reforestation?
Urbanisation
Urbanisation is the demographic shift from rural to urban living.
5. What is the difference between internal migration and international migration: internal migration takes place within the borders of the same country, whereas international migration crosses a national border, or they are identical?
Internal migration takes place within the borders of the same country, whereas international migration crosses a national border
Moving from a rural island or village to the national capital is internal migration; moving to another country is international migration.
6. When several neighbouring cities and large towns expand and merge into one continuous built-up urban region, what is this merged urban area called: a conurbation or an archipelago?
Conurbation
A conurbation forms when formerly separate towns grow outward and coalesce.
7. Why are urban temperatures often 2 °C to 5 °C warmer than the surrounding countryside, especially at night (the urban heat island effect): dark concrete and tarmac absorb heat and buildings trap warmth while releasing waste heat, or cities are closer to the Sun?
Dark concrete and tarmac absorb heat and buildings trap warmth while releasing waste heat
Impervious dark surfaces, reduced vegetation and energy use create an urban heat island.
8. Which urban transport strategy reduces traffic congestion and air pollution most effectively: investing in frequent electric buses, metro rail and safe cycle lanes, or removing all pavements?
Investing in frequent electric buses, metro rail and safe cycle lanes
High-capacity public transit and active-travel infrastructure move far more people per metre of road space with lower emissions.
9. In human geography, what is the correct settlement hierarchy in order of increasing population size and services: Hamlet → Village → Town → City, or City → Town → Hamlet → Village?
Hamlet → Village → Town → City
A hamlet has only a few dwellings; a village adds basic services; a town and city offer progressively larger populations and specialist services.
10. What do we call the unplanned outward spread of low-density suburbs and roads into surrounding countryside at the edge of a city: urban sprawl or counter-urbanisation?
Urban sprawl
Urban sprawl consumes agricultural land and increases car dependency.
11. Money that migrant workers send back home to support their families in their country or island of origin is called: remittances or tariffs?
Remittances
Remittances are a major source of household income and foreign exchange for many developing regions.
12. When people and businesses move out of large crowded cities into smaller towns and rural villages (enabled by fast transport and remote working), this movement is called: counter-urbanisation or rural-to-urban migration?
Counter-urbanisation
Counter-urbanisation is the demographic movement from major cities to smaller rural settlements.

12 questions · Seed 44 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification