Settlements, cities & migration

1. Money that migrant workers send back home to support their families in their country or island of origin is called: remittances or tariffs?

2. What is the regular daily journey that workers make between their homes in residential suburbs and their workplaces in the city centre: commuting or international migration?

3. What do geographers call the minimum number of customers required to support a particular shop or service (such as a corner bakery vs an international airport): the threshold population or the birth rate?

4. Which urban transport strategy reduces traffic congestion and air pollution most effectively: investing in frequent electric buses, metro rail and safe cycle lanes, or removing all pavements?

5. In human geography, what is the correct settlement hierarchy in order of increasing population size and services: Hamlet → Village → Town → City, or City → Town → Hamlet → Village?

6. Why are urban temperatures often 2 °C to 5 °C warmer than the surrounding countryside, especially at night (the urban heat island effect): dark concrete and tarmac absorb heat and buildings trap warmth while releasing waste heat, or cities are closer to the Sun?

7. Historically, why were many early settlements founded next to rivers, sheltered harbours or fresh springs (wet-point sites): for a reliable supply of fresh drinking water, fishing and boat transport, or to avoid all water?

8. In settlement geography, a village where houses are grouped closely together around a central green, crossroads or harbour is described as having what pattern: a nucleated settlement pattern or a dispersed pattern?

9. Building a new housing estate on previously undeveloped farmland or meadow at the edge of a town uses: a greenfield site or a brownfield site?

10. What is the difference between internal migration and international migration: internal migration takes place within the borders of the same country, whereas international migration crosses a national border, or they are identical?

11. When several neighbouring cities and large towns expand and merge into one continuous built-up urban region, what is this merged urban area called: a conurbation or an archipelago?

12. What is a protected zone of open farmland, woodland or parkland designated around a city to restrict urban sprawl and preserve green space: a greenbelt or an industrial estate?