ScienceAges 4-6

Sound, pitch & vibrations

Explore how vibrations produce sound waves, how pitch and volume change, and how sound travels through media. Review suitability for your learners before teaching.

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Worksheet StudioPractice pack · Ages 4-6

Sound, pitch & vibrations

Take your time. Show your thinking.

1. How does sound travel from a ringing bell to your ear: vibrations pass from particle to particle through the air as a sound wave, or tiny pieces of metal fly into your ear?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
2. When you speak or sing and gently rest your fingers on the front of your throat, what do you feel vibrating inside your voice box (larynx): your vocal cords, or your collarbone?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
3. How do bats and dolphins use echolocation (sonar) to find prey in the dark or deep water: they emit high-pitched clicks and time how long the echoes take to bounce back, or they use magnets?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
4. When a guitarist tightens a guitar string to increase its tension, what happens to the pitch of the note: the pitch becomes higher, or the string stops vibrating?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
5. Why are cinema walls and recording studios lined with soft foam, curtains and carpets: soft, porous materials absorb sound waves to prevent echoes, or soft foam makes sounds louder?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
6. What is the approximate frequency range of normal human hearing in young people: 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, or 1 Hz to 5 Hz?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
7. If you hit a drum harder so the drum skin vibrates with a larger amplitude, what happens to the sound: the sound gets louder (higher volume), or the pitch changes into a flute?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
8. What unit is used in science to measure the frequency of a sound wave (the number of vibrations per second): hertz (Hz) or newtons (N)?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
9. What unit is used on a sound-level meter to measure the loudness (intensity level) of a sound: decibels (dB) or degrees Celsius (°C)?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
10. When you blow across the top of two identical glass bottles—one nearly full of water and one nearly empty—which bottle produces the higher-pitched note: the bottle with more water (because the vibrating air column is shorter), or the empty bottle?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
11. Why do ramp workers near jet engines and operators of loud machinery wear ear defenders (earmuffs): very loud sounds can permanently damage the sensitive hair cells in the inner ear (cochlea), or to keep their ears warm?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
12. What do we call high-frequency sound waves above 20,000 Hz that humans cannot hear, used by dolphins, bats and medical scanners: ultrasound or infrared?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)

12 questions · Seed 43 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

View the answer key

Worksheet StudioAnswer key · Ages 4-6

Sound, pitch & vibrations

Answers and reasoning. Review before teaching.

1. How does sound travel from a ringing bell to your ear: vibrations pass from particle to particle through the air as a sound wave, or tiny pieces of metal fly into your ear?
Vibrations pass from particle to particle through the air as a sound wave
Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave of compressions and rarefactions travelling through air particles.
2. When you speak or sing and gently rest your fingers on the front of your throat, what do you feel vibrating inside your voice box (larynx): your vocal cords, or your collarbone?
Your vocal cords
Air from the lungs passes between the vocal cords in the larynx, making them vibrate to produce your voice.
3. How do bats and dolphins use echolocation (sonar) to find prey in the dark or deep water: they emit high-pitched clicks and time how long the echoes take to bounce back, or they use magnets?
They emit high-pitched clicks and time how long the echoes take to bounce back
The time delay and direction of returning echoes reveal the distance and location of objects.
4. When a guitarist tightens a guitar string to increase its tension, what happens to the pitch of the note: the pitch becomes higher, or the string stops vibrating?
The pitch becomes higher
A tighter string vibrates faster when plucked, raising the pitch.
5. Why are cinema walls and recording studios lined with soft foam, curtains and carpets: soft, porous materials absorb sound waves to prevent echoes, or soft foam makes sounds louder?
Soft, porous materials absorb sound waves to prevent echoes
Soft materials trap air and convert sound energy into tiny amounts of heat, reducing reverberation.
6. What is the approximate frequency range of normal human hearing in young people: 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, or 1 Hz to 5 Hz?
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Humans typically hear frequencies from about 20 Hz (deep bass) up to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz).
7. If you hit a drum harder so the drum skin vibrates with a larger amplitude, what happens to the sound: the sound gets louder (higher volume), or the pitch changes into a flute?
The sound gets louder (higher volume)
Larger amplitude vibrations carry more energy and produce a louder sound.
8. What unit is used in science to measure the frequency of a sound wave (the number of vibrations per second): hertz (Hz) or newtons (N)?
Hertz (Hz)
1 hertz (1 Hz) equals 1 complete vibration (cycle) per second.
9. What unit is used on a sound-level meter to measure the loudness (intensity level) of a sound: decibels (dB) or degrees Celsius (°C)?
Decibels (dB)
Sound intensity levels are measured on the decibel (dB) scale.
10. When you blow across the top of two identical glass bottles—one nearly full of water and one nearly empty—which bottle produces the higher-pitched note: the bottle with more water (because the vibrating air column is shorter), or the empty bottle?
The bottle with more water (because the vibrating air column is shorter)
When blowing across the top, the air column inside vibrates; a shorter column of air vibrates faster and makes a higher pitch.
11. Why do ramp workers near jet engines and operators of loud machinery wear ear defenders (earmuffs): very loud sounds can permanently damage the sensitive hair cells in the inner ear (cochlea), or to keep their ears warm?
Very loud sounds can permanently damage the sensitive hair cells in the inner ear (cochlea)
Padded ear defenders absorb sound energy and reduce the decibel level reaching the eardrum.
12. What do we call high-frequency sound waves above 20,000 Hz that humans cannot hear, used by dolphins, bats and medical scanners: ultrasound or infrared?
Ultrasound
Ultrasound has a frequency above the upper limit of human hearing (> 20 kHz).

12 questions · Seed 43 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

Worksheet StudioPractice pack · Ages 4-6

Sound, pitch & vibrations

Take your time. Show your thinking.

1. How does sound travel from a ringing bell to your ear: vibrations pass from particle to particle through the air as a sound wave, or tiny pieces of metal fly into your ear?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
2. When you speak or sing and gently rest your fingers on the front of your throat, what do you feel vibrating inside your voice box (larynx): your vocal cords, or your collarbone?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
3. How do bats and dolphins use echolocation (sonar) to find prey in the dark or deep water: they emit high-pitched clicks and time how long the echoes take to bounce back, or they use magnets?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
4. When a guitarist tightens a guitar string to increase its tension, what happens to the pitch of the note: the pitch becomes higher, or the string stops vibrating?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
5. Why are cinema walls and recording studios lined with soft foam, curtains and carpets: soft, porous materials absorb sound waves to prevent echoes, or soft foam makes sounds louder?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
6. What is the approximate frequency range of normal human hearing in young people: 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, or 1 Hz to 5 Hz?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
7. If you hit a drum harder so the drum skin vibrates with a larger amplitude, what happens to the sound: the sound gets louder (higher volume), or the pitch changes into a flute?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
8. What unit is used in science to measure the frequency of a sound wave (the number of vibrations per second): hertz (Hz) or newtons (N)?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
9. What unit is used on a sound-level meter to measure the loudness (intensity level) of a sound: decibels (dB) or degrees Celsius (°C)?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
10. When you blow across the top of two identical glass bottles—one nearly full of water and one nearly empty—which bottle produces the higher-pitched note: the bottle with more water (because the vibrating air column is shorter), or the empty bottle?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
11. Why do ramp workers near jet engines and operators of loud machinery wear ear defenders (earmuffs): very loud sounds can permanently damage the sensitive hair cells in the inner ear (cochlea), or to keep their ears warm?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)
12. What do we call high-frequency sound waves above 20,000 Hz that humans cannot hear, used by dolphins, bats and medical scanners: ultrasound or infrared?
Amplitude (Loudness) · Frequency (Pitch)

12 questions · Seed 43 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

Worksheet StudioAnswer key · Ages 4-6

Sound, pitch & vibrations

Answers and reasoning. Review before teaching.

1. How does sound travel from a ringing bell to your ear: vibrations pass from particle to particle through the air as a sound wave, or tiny pieces of metal fly into your ear?
Vibrations pass from particle to particle through the air as a sound wave
Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave of compressions and rarefactions travelling through air particles.
2. When you speak or sing and gently rest your fingers on the front of your throat, what do you feel vibrating inside your voice box (larynx): your vocal cords, or your collarbone?
Your vocal cords
Air from the lungs passes between the vocal cords in the larynx, making them vibrate to produce your voice.
3. How do bats and dolphins use echolocation (sonar) to find prey in the dark or deep water: they emit high-pitched clicks and time how long the echoes take to bounce back, or they use magnets?
They emit high-pitched clicks and time how long the echoes take to bounce back
The time delay and direction of returning echoes reveal the distance and location of objects.
4. When a guitarist tightens a guitar string to increase its tension, what happens to the pitch of the note: the pitch becomes higher, or the string stops vibrating?
The pitch becomes higher
A tighter string vibrates faster when plucked, raising the pitch.
5. Why are cinema walls and recording studios lined with soft foam, curtains and carpets: soft, porous materials absorb sound waves to prevent echoes, or soft foam makes sounds louder?
Soft, porous materials absorb sound waves to prevent echoes
Soft materials trap air and convert sound energy into tiny amounts of heat, reducing reverberation.
6. What is the approximate frequency range of normal human hearing in young people: 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, or 1 Hz to 5 Hz?
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Humans typically hear frequencies from about 20 Hz (deep bass) up to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz).
7. If you hit a drum harder so the drum skin vibrates with a larger amplitude, what happens to the sound: the sound gets louder (higher volume), or the pitch changes into a flute?
The sound gets louder (higher volume)
Larger amplitude vibrations carry more energy and produce a louder sound.
8. What unit is used in science to measure the frequency of a sound wave (the number of vibrations per second): hertz (Hz) or newtons (N)?
Hertz (Hz)
1 hertz (1 Hz) equals 1 complete vibration (cycle) per second.
9. What unit is used on a sound-level meter to measure the loudness (intensity level) of a sound: decibels (dB) or degrees Celsius (°C)?
Decibels (dB)
Sound intensity levels are measured on the decibel (dB) scale.
10. When you blow across the top of two identical glass bottles—one nearly full of water and one nearly empty—which bottle produces the higher-pitched note: the bottle with more water (because the vibrating air column is shorter), or the empty bottle?
The bottle with more water (because the vibrating air column is shorter)
When blowing across the top, the air column inside vibrates; a shorter column of air vibrates faster and makes a higher pitch.
11. Why do ramp workers near jet engines and operators of loud machinery wear ear defenders (earmuffs): very loud sounds can permanently damage the sensitive hair cells in the inner ear (cochlea), or to keep their ears warm?
Very loud sounds can permanently damage the sensitive hair cells in the inner ear (cochlea)
Padded ear defenders absorb sound energy and reduce the decibel level reaching the eardrum.
12. What do we call high-frequency sound waves above 20,000 Hz that humans cannot hear, used by dolphins, bats and medical scanners: ultrasound or infrared?
Ultrasound
Ultrasound has a frequency above the upper limit of human hearing (> 20 kHz).

12 questions · Seed 43 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification