Earth’s structure & plate boundaries

1. What is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the underground focus (hypocentre) of an earthquake called: the epicentre or the crater?

2. Which seismic body waves travel fastest through the Earth and can pass through both solids and liquids: P-waves (primary) or S-waves (secondary)?

3. When slow-cooling magma solidifies deep underground (such as granite), does it form large visible crystals or no crystals?

4. Which two metallic elements make up most of Earth’s dense core: iron and nickel, or sodium and potassium?

5. What do we call the horseshoe-shaped belt around the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur: the Ring of Fire or the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

6. Which type of crust is denser and thinner, causing it to subduct beneath continental crust: oceanic crust or continental crust?

7. What generates Earth’s global magnetic field (magnetosphere): convection of liquid metal in the outer core, or ocean tides?

8. What type of tectonic plate boundary occurs where two plates move apart and new oceanic crust forms: divergent or convergent?

9. What do we call the rigid outer shell of Earth comprising the crust and uppermost solid mantle: the lithosphere or the stratosphere?

10. What is the thin, outermost rocky layer of the Earth called: the crust or the inner core?

11. What type of plate boundary occurs where two plates slide horizontally past each other (such as the San Andreas Fault): transform or divergent?

12. Why are fossils almost always found in sedimentary rock rather than igneous rock: molten magma destroys organic remains, or sedimentary rock forms in volcanoes?