Earth’s structure & plate boundaries

1. What class of rock forms when existing rock is transformed by high heat and pressure without melting (e.g. limestone becoming marble): metamorphic or igneous?

2. Is Earth’s inner core solid or liquid despite its extreme temperature, due to immense pressure?

3. What type of plate boundary occurs where two plates collide, forming fold mountains or subduction trenches: convergent or transform?

4. What process breaks rocks down in situ at Earth’s surface through rain, frost and plant roots before erosion transports the fragments: weathering or subduction?

5. What do we call the rigid outer shell of Earth comprising the crust and uppermost solid mantle: the lithosphere or the stratosphere?

6. Which type of crust is denser and thinner, causing it to subduct beneath continental crust: oceanic crust or continental crust?

7. Which underwater mountain system runs down the centre of the Atlantic Ocean along a divergent boundary: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or the Mariana Trench?

8. Which seismic body waves travel fastest through the Earth and can pass through both solids and liquids: P-waves (primary) or S-waves (secondary)?

9. What generates Earth’s global magnetic field (magnetosphere): convection of liquid metal in the outer core, or ocean tides?

10. What instrument records the ground vibrations (seismic waves) produced by an earthquake: a seismometer or a barometer?

11. When slow-cooling magma solidifies deep underground (such as granite), does it form large visible crystals or no crystals?

12. What is the thin, outermost rocky layer of the Earth called: the crust or the inner core?