Earth’s structure & plate boundaries

1. Which underwater mountain system runs down the centre of the Atlantic Ocean along a divergent boundary: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or the Mariana Trench?

2. What drives the slow movement of tectonic plates across Earth’s surface: mantle convection and slab pull, or surface wind patterns?

3. What class of rock forms when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies (e.g. basalt and granite): igneous or sedimentary?

4. What class of rock forms when existing rock is transformed by high heat and pressure without melting (e.g. limestone becoming marble): metamorphic or igneous?

5. Which two metallic elements make up most of Earth’s dense core: iron and nickel, or sodium and potassium?

6. What generates Earth’s global magnetic field (magnetosphere): convection of liquid metal in the outer core, or ocean tides?

7. Which seismic body waves travel fastest through the Earth and can pass through both solids and liquids: P-waves (primary) or S-waves (secondary)?

8. What type of plate boundary occurs where two plates slide horizontally past each other (such as the San Andreas Fault): transform or divergent?

9. What ocean wave can be triggered when a powerful submarine earthquake vertically displaces the seafloor: a tsunami or a spring tide?

10. What class of rock forms from the compaction and cementation of deposited layers of sand, silt or shells (e.g. sandstone and limestone): sedimentary or metamorphic?

11. Which thick layer lies directly beneath Earth’s crust and makes up most of Earth’s volume: the mantle or the outer core?

12. What do we call the rigid outer shell of Earth comprising the crust and uppermost solid mantle: the lithosphere or the stratosphere?