Earth’s structure & plate boundaries

1. What class of rock forms when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies (e.g. basalt and granite): igneous or sedimentary?

2. Is Earth’s inner core solid or liquid despite its extreme temperature, due to immense pressure?

3. What type of plate boundary occurs where two plates slide horizontally past each other (such as the San Andreas Fault): transform or divergent?

4. Which underwater mountain system runs down the centre of the Atlantic Ocean along a divergent boundary: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or the Mariana Trench?

5. What type of plate boundary occurs where two plates collide, forming fold mountains or subduction trenches: convergent or transform?

6. What process breaks rocks down in situ at Earth’s surface through rain, frost and plant roots before erosion transports the fragments: weathering or subduction?

7. What do we call molten rock while it is still beneath Earth’s surface, before it erupts as lava: magma or shale?

8. What drives the slow movement of tectonic plates across Earth’s surface: mantle convection and slab pull, or surface wind patterns?

9. What class of rock forms when existing rock is transformed by high heat and pressure without melting (e.g. limestone becoming marble): metamorphic or igneous?

10. What ocean wave can be triggered when a powerful submarine earthquake vertically displaces the seafloor: a tsunami or a spring tide?

11. What type of tectonic plate boundary occurs where two plates move apart and new oceanic crust forms: divergent or convergent?

12. When slow-cooling magma solidifies deep underground (such as granite), does it form large visible crystals or no crystals?