Earth’s structure & plate boundaries

1. What is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the underground focus (hypocentre) of an earthquake called: the epicentre or the crater?

2. What ocean wave can be triggered when a powerful submarine earthquake vertically displaces the seafloor: a tsunami or a spring tide?

3. Which two metallic elements make up most of Earth’s dense core: iron and nickel, or sodium and potassium?

4. What type of plate boundary occurs where two plates slide horizontally past each other (such as the San Andreas Fault): transform or divergent?

5. What type of tectonic plate boundary occurs where two plates move apart and new oceanic crust forms: divergent or convergent?

6. When slow-cooling magma solidifies deep underground (such as granite), does it form large visible crystals or no crystals?

7. What drives the slow movement of tectonic plates across Earth’s surface: mantle convection and slab pull, or surface wind patterns?

8. What type of plate boundary occurs where two plates collide, forming fold mountains or subduction trenches: convergent or transform?

9. What is the thin, outermost rocky layer of the Earth called: the crust or the inner core?

10. What do we call the horseshoe-shaped belt around the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur: the Ring of Fire or the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

11. What generates Earth’s global magnetic field (magnetosphere): convection of liquid metal in the outer core, or ocean tides?

12. What process breaks rocks down in situ at Earth’s surface through rain, frost and plant roots before erosion transports the fragments: weathering or subduction?