Earth’s structure & plate boundaries

1. What type of plate boundary occurs where two plates collide, forming fold mountains or subduction trenches: convergent or transform?

2. What type of tectonic plate boundary occurs where two plates move apart and new oceanic crust forms: divergent or convergent?

3. What do we call the horseshoe-shaped belt around the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur: the Ring of Fire or the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

4. What ocean wave can be triggered when a powerful submarine earthquake vertically displaces the seafloor: a tsunami or a spring tide?

5. What generates Earth’s global magnetic field (magnetosphere): convection of liquid metal in the outer core, or ocean tides?

6. What class of rock forms when existing rock is transformed by high heat and pressure without melting (e.g. limestone becoming marble): metamorphic or igneous?

7. Which seismic body waves travel fastest through the Earth and can pass through both solids and liquids: P-waves (primary) or S-waves (secondary)?

8. Which type of crust is denser and thinner, causing it to subduct beneath continental crust: oceanic crust or continental crust?

9. When slow-cooling magma solidifies deep underground (such as granite), does it form large visible crystals or no crystals?

10. Why are fossils almost always found in sedimentary rock rather than igneous rock: molten magma destroys organic remains, or sedimentary rock forms in volcanoes?

11. Which underwater mountain system runs down the centre of the Atlantic Ocean along a divergent boundary: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or the Mariana Trench?

12. What drives the slow movement of tectonic plates across Earth’s surface: mantle convection and slab pull, or surface wind patterns?