Earth’s structure & plate boundaries

1. When slow-cooling magma solidifies deep underground (such as granite), does it form large visible crystals or no crystals?

2. What class of rock forms when existing rock is transformed by high heat and pressure without melting (e.g. limestone becoming marble): metamorphic or igneous?

3. Which two metallic elements make up most of Earth’s dense core: iron and nickel, or sodium and potassium?

4. Which underwater mountain system runs down the centre of the Atlantic Ocean along a divergent boundary: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or the Mariana Trench?

5. What instrument records the ground vibrations (seismic waves) produced by an earthquake: a seismometer or a barometer?

6. What is the thin, outermost rocky layer of the Earth called: the crust or the inner core?

7. What class of rock forms when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies (e.g. basalt and granite): igneous or sedimentary?

8. What do we call the rigid outer shell of Earth comprising the crust and uppermost solid mantle: the lithosphere or the stratosphere?

9. Is Earth’s inner core solid or liquid despite its extreme temperature, due to immense pressure?

10. What is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the underground focus (hypocentre) of an earthquake called: the epicentre or the crater?

11. What drives the slow movement of tectonic plates across Earth’s surface: mantle convection and slab pull, or surface wind patterns?

12. What do we call the horseshoe-shaped belt around the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur: the Ring of Fire or the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?