Earth’s structure & plate boundaries

1. What is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the underground focus (hypocentre) of an earthquake called: the epicentre or the crater?

2. Which two metallic elements make up most of Earth’s dense core: iron and nickel, or sodium and potassium?

3. Which underwater mountain system runs down the centre of the Atlantic Ocean along a divergent boundary: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or the Mariana Trench?

4. Is Earth’s inner core solid or liquid despite its extreme temperature, due to immense pressure?

5. What instrument records the ground vibrations (seismic waves) produced by an earthquake: a seismometer or a barometer?

6. What process breaks rocks down in situ at Earth’s surface through rain, frost and plant roots before erosion transports the fragments: weathering or subduction?

7. What class of rock forms from the compaction and cementation of deposited layers of sand, silt or shells (e.g. sandstone and limestone): sedimentary or metamorphic?

8. Which thick layer lies directly beneath Earth’s crust and makes up most of Earth’s volume: the mantle or the outer core?

9. What type of tectonic plate boundary occurs where two plates move apart and new oceanic crust forms: divergent or convergent?

10. What type of plate boundary occurs where two plates collide, forming fold mountains or subduction trenches: convergent or transform?

11. What do we call the horseshoe-shaped belt around the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur: the Ring of Fire or the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

12. What ocean wave can be triggered when a powerful submarine earthquake vertically displaces the seafloor: a tsunami or a spring tide?