ScienceAges 16-18

Acids, bases & the pH scale

Use the 0–14 pH scale, indicators and neutralisation reactions to classify acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions. Review suitability for your learners before teaching.

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Worksheet StudioPractice pack · Ages 16-18

Acids, bases & the pH scale

Take your time. Show your thinking.

1. Which solution is more strongly acidic: Solution A with pH 1, or Solution B with pH 5?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
2. Which gas is produced when a reactive metal (such as magnesium or zinc) reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid: hydrogen or oxygen?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
3. What colour does red litmus paper turn when dipped into an alkaline solution: blue or yellow?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
4. What weak organic acid is found naturally in lemons, limes and oranges: citric acid or sulfuric acid?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
5. Does an acidic solution (such as lemon juice or hydrochloric acid) have a pH less than 7 or greater than 7?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
6. Which ion is released by all Arrhenius acids when dissolved in aqueous solution: hydrogen ions (H⁺) or hydroxide ions (OH⁻)?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
7. What is the chemical test that confirms a gas is carbon dioxide (CO₂): it turns clear limewater cloudy (milky), or it relights a glowing splint?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
8. What colour is phenolphthalein indicator in an acidic solution vs a basic solution: colourless in acid and pink in alkali, or blue in both?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
9. In an acid–base titration, which piece of graduated glassware with a tap at the bottom is used to measure the exact volume of acid or alkali added: a burette or a beaker?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
10. Which salt is formed when hydrochloric acid (HCl) is neutralised by sodium hydroxide (NaOH): sodium chloride or sodium sulfate?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
11. Why do farmers sometimes spread powdered calcium carbonate (limestone) or calcium oxide on fields: to neutralise overly acidic soil, or to make the soil more acidic?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
12. On the standard pH scale (0 to 14) at 25 °C, what is the pH of a neutral solution such as pure water: 7 or 0?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution

12 questions · Seed 62 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

View the answer key

Worksheet StudioAnswer key · Ages 16-18

Acids, bases & the pH scale

Answers and reasoning. Review before teaching.

1. Which solution is more strongly acidic: Solution A with pH 1, or Solution B with pH 5?
Solution A with pH 1
Lower numbers on the pH scale indicate higher hydrogen-ion concentration and stronger acidity.
2. Which gas is produced when a reactive metal (such as magnesium or zinc) reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid: hydrogen or oxygen?
Hydrogen
Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas (which gives a squeaky pop with a lighted splint).
3. What colour does red litmus paper turn when dipped into an alkaline solution: blue or yellow?
Blue
Alkalis turn red litmus paper blue.
4. What weak organic acid is found naturally in lemons, limes and oranges: citric acid or sulfuric acid?
Citric acid
Citrus fruits contain citric acid.
5. Does an acidic solution (such as lemon juice or hydrochloric acid) have a pH less than 7 or greater than 7?
Less than 7
Acids have pH values below 7; the lower the pH, the stronger or more concentrated the acid.
6. Which ion is released by all Arrhenius acids when dissolved in aqueous solution: hydrogen ions (H⁺) or hydroxide ions (OH⁻)?
Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
Acids produce aqueous hydrogen ions (H⁺ / H₃O⁺) in water.
7. What is the chemical test that confirms a gas is carbon dioxide (CO₂): it turns clear limewater cloudy (milky), or it relights a glowing splint?
It turns clear limewater cloudy (milky)
CO₂ reacts with calcium hydroxide (limewater) to form an insoluble white precipitate of calcium carbonate.
8. What colour is phenolphthalein indicator in an acidic solution vs a basic solution: colourless in acid and pink in alkali, or blue in both?
Colourless in acid and pink in alkali
Phenolphthalein is colourless below pH 8.2 and turns pink-magenta in alkaline solutions.
9. In an acid–base titration, which piece of graduated glassware with a tap at the bottom is used to measure the exact volume of acid or alkali added: a burette or a beaker?
Burette
A burette delivers variable volumes accurately to within 0.05 cm³.
10. Which salt is formed when hydrochloric acid (HCl) is neutralised by sodium hydroxide (NaOH): sodium chloride or sodium sulfate?
Sodium chloride
HCl + NaOH → NaCl (sodium chloride) + H₂O.
11. Why do farmers sometimes spread powdered calcium carbonate (limestone) or calcium oxide on fields: to neutralise overly acidic soil, or to make the soil more acidic?
To neutralise overly acidic soil
Basic calcium compounds neutralise excess soil acidity so crops can grow well.
12. On the standard pH scale (0 to 14) at 25 °C, what is the pH of a neutral solution such as pure water: 7 or 0?
7
A pH of 7 is neutral, with equal concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions.

12 questions · Seed 62 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

Worksheet StudioPractice pack · Ages 16-18

Acids, bases & the pH scale

Take your time. Show your thinking.

1. Which solution is more strongly acidic: Solution A with pH 1, or Solution B with pH 5?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
2. Which gas is produced when a reactive metal (such as magnesium or zinc) reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid: hydrogen or oxygen?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
3. What colour does red litmus paper turn when dipped into an alkaline solution: blue or yellow?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
4. What weak organic acid is found naturally in lemons, limes and oranges: citric acid or sulfuric acid?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
5. Does an acidic solution (such as lemon juice or hydrochloric acid) have a pH less than 7 or greater than 7?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
6. Which ion is released by all Arrhenius acids when dissolved in aqueous solution: hydrogen ions (H⁺) or hydroxide ions (OH⁻)?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
7. What is the chemical test that confirms a gas is carbon dioxide (CO₂): it turns clear limewater cloudy (milky), or it relights a glowing splint?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
8. What colour is phenolphthalein indicator in an acidic solution vs a basic solution: colourless in acid and pink in alkali, or blue in both?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
9. In an acid–base titration, which piece of graduated glassware with a tap at the bottom is used to measure the exact volume of acid or alkali added: a burette or a beaker?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
10. Which salt is formed when hydrochloric acid (HCl) is neutralised by sodium hydroxide (NaOH): sodium chloride or sodium sulfate?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
11. Why do farmers sometimes spread powdered calcium carbonate (limestone) or calcium oxide on fields: to neutralise overly acidic soil, or to make the soil more acidic?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution
12. On the standard pH scale (0 to 14) at 25 °C, what is the pH of a neutral solution such as pure water: 7 or 0?
pH Scale: 0 (Acid) → 7 → 14 (Alkali) · Indicator Solution

12 questions · Seed 62 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

Worksheet StudioAnswer key · Ages 16-18

Acids, bases & the pH scale

Answers and reasoning. Review before teaching.

1. Which solution is more strongly acidic: Solution A with pH 1, or Solution B with pH 5?
Solution A with pH 1
Lower numbers on the pH scale indicate higher hydrogen-ion concentration and stronger acidity.
2. Which gas is produced when a reactive metal (such as magnesium or zinc) reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid: hydrogen or oxygen?
Hydrogen
Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas (which gives a squeaky pop with a lighted splint).
3. What colour does red litmus paper turn when dipped into an alkaline solution: blue or yellow?
Blue
Alkalis turn red litmus paper blue.
4. What weak organic acid is found naturally in lemons, limes and oranges: citric acid or sulfuric acid?
Citric acid
Citrus fruits contain citric acid.
5. Does an acidic solution (such as lemon juice or hydrochloric acid) have a pH less than 7 or greater than 7?
Less than 7
Acids have pH values below 7; the lower the pH, the stronger or more concentrated the acid.
6. Which ion is released by all Arrhenius acids when dissolved in aqueous solution: hydrogen ions (H⁺) or hydroxide ions (OH⁻)?
Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
Acids produce aqueous hydrogen ions (H⁺ / H₃O⁺) in water.
7. What is the chemical test that confirms a gas is carbon dioxide (CO₂): it turns clear limewater cloudy (milky), or it relights a glowing splint?
It turns clear limewater cloudy (milky)
CO₂ reacts with calcium hydroxide (limewater) to form an insoluble white precipitate of calcium carbonate.
8. What colour is phenolphthalein indicator in an acidic solution vs a basic solution: colourless in acid and pink in alkali, or blue in both?
Colourless in acid and pink in alkali
Phenolphthalein is colourless below pH 8.2 and turns pink-magenta in alkaline solutions.
9. In an acid–base titration, which piece of graduated glassware with a tap at the bottom is used to measure the exact volume of acid or alkali added: a burette or a beaker?
Burette
A burette delivers variable volumes accurately to within 0.05 cm³.
10. Which salt is formed when hydrochloric acid (HCl) is neutralised by sodium hydroxide (NaOH): sodium chloride or sodium sulfate?
Sodium chloride
HCl + NaOH → NaCl (sodium chloride) + H₂O.
11. Why do farmers sometimes spread powdered calcium carbonate (limestone) or calcium oxide on fields: to neutralise overly acidic soil, or to make the soil more acidic?
To neutralise overly acidic soil
Basic calcium compounds neutralise excess soil acidity so crops can grow well.
12. On the standard pH scale (0 to 14) at 25 °C, what is the pH of a neutral solution such as pure water: 7 or 0?
7
A pH of 7 is neutral, with equal concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions.

12 questions · Seed 62 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification