ScienceAges 10-12

Human body systems & organs

Connect major human organs and systems to digestion, circulation, respiration and coordination. Review suitability for your learners before teaching.

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Worksheet StudioPractice pack · Ages 10-12

Human body systems & organs

Take your time. Show your thinking.

1. Which vitamin found in citrus fruits and fresh vegetables prevents scurvy and supports healthy connective tissue: Vitamin C or Vitamin D?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
2. Which component of human blood contains haemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues: red blood cells or platelets?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
3. What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out: alveoli or villi?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
4. Which blood vessels carry blood BACK toward the heart and contain valves to prevent backflow: veins or arteries?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
5. Which mineral is required to make haemoglobin in red blood cells (so deficiency leads to anaemia): iron or iodine?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
6. Which muscular tube carries swallowed food from the mouth down to the stomach by wave-like contractions (peristalsis): the oesophagus (gullet) or the trachea (windpipe)?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
7. Which organ produces bile (stored in the gallbladder) to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats into tiny droplets: the liver or the lungs?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
8. Which dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs contracts and flattens when you inhale, increasing chest volume and drawing air in: the diaphragm or the bicep?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
9. Which nutrient group is primarily needed for building and repairing body cells and muscle tissue (found in fish, eggs, beans and lentils): proteins or water?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
10. In the human circulatory system, which blood vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart under high pressure with thick muscular walls: arteries or veins?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
11. Which digestive enzyme breaks down large starch molecules into simple sugars: amylase or lipase?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
12. Why is dietary fibre (roughage from vegetables, fruits and whole grains) important even though humans cannot digest it: it keeps food moving smoothly through the intestines, or it turns into bone?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract

12 questions · Seed 45 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

View the answer key

Worksheet StudioAnswer key · Ages 10-12

Human body systems & organs

Answers and reasoning. Review before teaching.

1. Which vitamin found in citrus fruits and fresh vegetables prevents scurvy and supports healthy connective tissue: Vitamin C or Vitamin D?
Vitamin C
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential for collagen synthesis and immune health.
2. Which component of human blood contains haemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues: red blood cells or platelets?
Red blood cells
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are packed with haemoglobin and lack a nucleus to maximise oxygen transport.
3. What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out: alveoli or villi?
Alveoli
Millions of alveoli in the lungs provide a large moist surface area surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange.
4. Which blood vessels carry blood BACK toward the heart and contain valves to prevent backflow: veins or arteries?
Veins
Veins operate at lower pressure and use one-way valves to keep blood flowing toward the heart.
5. Which mineral is required to make haemoglobin in red blood cells (so deficiency leads to anaemia): iron or iodine?
Iron
Iron sits at the core of the haem group in haemoglobin that binds oxygen.
6. Which muscular tube carries swallowed food from the mouth down to the stomach by wave-like contractions (peristalsis): the oesophagus (gullet) or the trachea (windpipe)?
Oesophagus (gullet)
Peristalsis in the oesophagus pushes the food bolus into the stomach.
7. Which organ produces bile (stored in the gallbladder) to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats into tiny droplets: the liver or the lungs?
Liver
The liver secretes alkaline bile, which emulsifies lipids to increase surface area for lipase enzymes.
8. Which dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs contracts and flattens when you inhale, increasing chest volume and drawing air in: the diaphragm or the bicep?
Diaphragm
Contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles expands the thorax, lowering pressure so air flows into the lungs.
9. Which nutrient group is primarily needed for building and repairing body cells and muscle tissue (found in fish, eggs, beans and lentils): proteins or water?
Proteins
Proteins supply amino acids for growth and tissue repair.
10. In the human circulatory system, which blood vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart under high pressure with thick muscular walls: arteries or veins?
Arteries
Arteries have thick elastic and muscular walls to withstand high-pressure blood pumped from the heart.
11. Which digestive enzyme breaks down large starch molecules into simple sugars: amylase or lipase?
Amylase
Carbohydrases such as amylase catalyse the breakdown of starch into sugars.
12. Why is dietary fibre (roughage from vegetables, fruits and whole grains) important even though humans cannot digest it: it keeps food moving smoothly through the intestines, or it turns into bone?
It keeps food moving smoothly through the intestines
Fibre adds bulk to aid peristalsis and prevent constipation.

12 questions · Seed 45 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

Worksheet StudioPractice pack · Ages 10-12

Human body systems & organs

Take your time. Show your thinking.

1. Which vitamin found in citrus fruits and fresh vegetables prevents scurvy and supports healthy connective tissue: Vitamin C or Vitamin D?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
2. Which component of human blood contains haemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues: red blood cells or platelets?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
3. What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out: alveoli or villi?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
4. Which blood vessels carry blood BACK toward the heart and contain valves to prevent backflow: veins or arteries?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
5. Which mineral is required to make haemoglobin in red blood cells (so deficiency leads to anaemia): iron or iodine?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
6. Which muscular tube carries swallowed food from the mouth down to the stomach by wave-like contractions (peristalsis): the oesophagus (gullet) or the trachea (windpipe)?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
7. Which organ produces bile (stored in the gallbladder) to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats into tiny droplets: the liver or the lungs?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
8. Which dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs contracts and flattens when you inhale, increasing chest volume and drawing air in: the diaphragm or the bicep?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
9. Which nutrient group is primarily needed for building and repairing body cells and muscle tissue (found in fish, eggs, beans and lentils): proteins or water?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
10. In the human circulatory system, which blood vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart under high pressure with thick muscular walls: arteries or veins?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
11. Which digestive enzyme breaks down large starch molecules into simple sugars: amylase or lipase?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract
12. Why is dietary fibre (roughage from vegetables, fruits and whole grains) important even though humans cannot digest it: it keeps food moving smoothly through the intestines, or it turns into bone?
Heart · Lungs · Digestive Tract

12 questions · Seed 45 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification

Worksheet StudioAnswer key · Ages 10-12

Human body systems & organs

Answers and reasoning. Review before teaching.

1. Which vitamin found in citrus fruits and fresh vegetables prevents scurvy and supports healthy connective tissue: Vitamin C or Vitamin D?
Vitamin C
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential for collagen synthesis and immune health.
2. Which component of human blood contains haemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues: red blood cells or platelets?
Red blood cells
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are packed with haemoglobin and lack a nucleus to maximise oxygen transport.
3. What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out: alveoli or villi?
Alveoli
Millions of alveoli in the lungs provide a large moist surface area surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange.
4. Which blood vessels carry blood BACK toward the heart and contain valves to prevent backflow: veins or arteries?
Veins
Veins operate at lower pressure and use one-way valves to keep blood flowing toward the heart.
5. Which mineral is required to make haemoglobin in red blood cells (so deficiency leads to anaemia): iron or iodine?
Iron
Iron sits at the core of the haem group in haemoglobin that binds oxygen.
6. Which muscular tube carries swallowed food from the mouth down to the stomach by wave-like contractions (peristalsis): the oesophagus (gullet) or the trachea (windpipe)?
Oesophagus (gullet)
Peristalsis in the oesophagus pushes the food bolus into the stomach.
7. Which organ produces bile (stored in the gallbladder) to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats into tiny droplets: the liver or the lungs?
Liver
The liver secretes alkaline bile, which emulsifies lipids to increase surface area for lipase enzymes.
8. Which dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs contracts and flattens when you inhale, increasing chest volume and drawing air in: the diaphragm or the bicep?
Diaphragm
Contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles expands the thorax, lowering pressure so air flows into the lungs.
9. Which nutrient group is primarily needed for building and repairing body cells and muscle tissue (found in fish, eggs, beans and lentils): proteins or water?
Proteins
Proteins supply amino acids for growth and tissue repair.
10. In the human circulatory system, which blood vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart under high pressure with thick muscular walls: arteries or veins?
Arteries
Arteries have thick elastic and muscular walls to withstand high-pressure blood pumped from the heart.
11. Which digestive enzyme breaks down large starch molecules into simple sugars: amylase or lipase?
Amylase
Carbohydrases such as amylase catalyse the breakdown of starch into sugars.
12. Why is dietary fibre (roughage from vegetables, fruits and whole grains) important even though humans cannot digest it: it keeps food moving smoothly through the intestines, or it turns into bone?
It keeps food moving smoothly through the intestines
Fibre adds bulk to aid peristalsis and prevent constipation.

12 questions · Seed 45 · Age guidance, not curriculum certification